试题详情

Thebeautyofsoftwareisinitsfunction，initsinternalstructure，andinthewayinwhichitiscreatedbyateam.Toauser，aprogramwithjusttherightfeaturespresentedthroughanintuitiveand()interfaceisbeautiful.Toasoftwaredesigner，aninternalstructurethatispartitionedinasimpleandintuitivemanner，andthatminimizesinternalcouplingisbeautiful.Todevelopersandmanagers，amotivatedteamofdevelopersmakingsignificantprogresseveryweek，andproducingdefect-freecode，isbeautiful.Thereisbeautyonalltheselevels.
ourworldneedssoftware--lotsofsoftware.Fiftyyearsagosoftwarewassomethingthatraninafewbigandexpensivemachines.Thirtyyearsagoitwassomethingthatraninmostcompaniesandindustrialsettings.Nowthereissoftwarerunninginourcellphones，watches，appliances，automobiles，toys，andtools.Andneedfornewandbettersoftwarenever().Asourcivilizationgrowsandexpands，asdevelopingnationsbuildtheirinfrastructures，asdevelopednationsstrivetoachieveevergreaterefficiencies，theneedformoreandmoreSoftware()toincrease.Itwouldbeagreatshameif，inallthatsoftware，therewasnobeauty.
Weknowthatsoftwarecanbeugly.Weknowthatitcanbehardtouse，unreliable，andcarelesslystructured.Weknowthattherearesoftwaresystemswhosetangledandcarelessinternalstructuresmakethemexpensiveanddifficulttochange.Weknowthattherearesoftwaresystemsthatpresenttheirfeaturesthroughanawkwardandcumbersomeinterface.Weknowthattherearesoftwaresystemsthatcrashandmisbehave.Theseare()systems.Unfortunately，asaprofession，softwaredeveloperstendtocreatemoreuglysystemsthanbeautifulones.

Thereisasecretthatthebestsoftwaredevelopersknow.Beautyischeaperthanugliness.Beautyisfasterthanugliness.Abeautifulsoftwaresystemcanbebuiltandmaintainedinlesstime，andforlessmoney,thananuglyone.Novicesoftwaredevelopersdon't.understandthis.Theythinkthattheyhavetodoeverythingfastandquick.Theythinkthatbeautyis().No!Bydoingthingsfastandquick，theymakemessesthatmakethesoftwarestiff，andhardtounderstand，Beautifulsystemseflexibleandeasytounderstand.Buildingthemandmaintainingthemisajoy.Itisuglinessthatisimpractical.Uglinesswillslowyoudownandmakeyoursoftwareexpensiveandbrittle.Beautifulsystemscosttheleastbuildandmaintain，andaredeliveredsoonest.
A.Simple
B.Hard
C.Complex
D.Duplicated
A.happens
B.exists
C.stops
D.starts
A.starts
B.continues
C.appears
D.stops
A.practical
B.useful
C.beautiful
D.ugly
A.impractical
B.perfect
C.time-wasting
D.practical